What is a notable reason for the limited use of Chloramphenicol?

Chloramphenicol is known for its potential to cause severe side effects, which significantly limits its use in clinical practice. One of the most serious risks associated with this antibiotic is the possibility of blood dyscrasias, particularly aplastic anemia, which is a potentially fatal condition where the bone marrow fails to produce adequate amounts of blood cells. Additionally, chloramphenicol can cause gray baby syndrome in newborns due to the immature liver function, leading to accumulation of the drug and toxicity.

Because of its toxicity profile and the availability of safer alternatives, chloramphenicol is used sparingly and is generally reserved for specific situations where other antibiotics are ineffective or contraindicated. This careful consideration of its side effects helps ensure patient safety while also effectively managing bacterial infections when necessary.