Which two classes of drugs are included in the 30S protein synthesis inhibitors?

The two classes of drugs that are included in the 30S protein synthesis inhibitors are aminoglycosides and tetracyclines.

Aminoglycosides, which include drugs such as gentamicin and amikacin, work by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and causing misreading of mRNA. This leads to the production of dysfunctional proteins, ultimately inhibiting the growth of bacteria.

Tetracyclines, including doxycycline and minocycline, also target the 30S subunit, but they do so by preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex. This blockage prevents the addition of new amino acids to the growing peptide chain, disrupting protein synthesis.

Both classes effectively inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, making them critical in the treatment of various bacterial infections. The inclusion of other classes, such as macrolides or beta-lactams, does not apply to this specific mechanism, as macrolides target the 50S subunit and beta-lactams inhibit cell wall synthesis, not directly affecting protein synthesis.